THE ROLE OF TOURISM INDUSTRY IN IMPROVING LIVELIHOOD OF THE POOR PEOPLE: A CASE STUDY OF MOSHI MUNICIPALITY Africa Natural Tours - ( africanaturaltours.com )
THE ROLE OF TOURISM INDUSTRY IN
IMPROVING LIVELIHOOD OF THE POOR PEOPLE: A CASE STUDY OF MOSHI MUNICIPALITY
Africa Natural Tours: Africa Natural Tours (For
Kilimanjaro, Serengeti and Zanzibar) Tanzania safari company in Moshi
Specialized
in: Wildlife safaris, Mountain climbing,
Cultural tourism and Beach holidays in East Africa
Contact +255 653 679 958
Email:
info@africanaturaltours.com
Website: www.africanaturaltours.com
By Godfrey A. Ngaiza
(The
founder of Africa Natural Tours)
This study focuses on how Tourism
Industry can help in improving livehood of the poor in case of Moshi Municipal.
Today different organization employs various management techniques to carry out
the efficiency functioning of their different sector. Tourism industry is of
the sectors that deals with everything that traveler does on a trip-eat, sleep,
party, attend a conference, rent a car, take a taxi, shop, change foreign
currency and other things of a sort. It means that all of the economic
activities of famers, fishermen, cooks, shop keepers, bartenders, tour guides,
bank, hotels carnival bands, entertainers, electricians, customs, immigration
and literally every job that impacts directly every job that impact directly or
indirectly on tourism chain. It is clear that the tourism industry is far
reaching and is indeed every body’s business.
The United Kingdom is the world’s 7th
biggest tourist’s destination with 29.2 million visiting in 2011. US $17.2
billion was spent in the UK by foreign tourists. Visit Britain data shows that
the US remain the most –valuable inbound market, with American visitors
spending E2.1 billion in 2010. This has made the economy of UK growth tremendously.
In other countries such South Africa there is good tourist destination with
around 860,000 arrivals per month (March 2008) of which around 210, 000 ie from
outside the African continent. Review adding up to between 1% and 3% of Gross
Domestic product (GDP) is generated by the tourism Industry. This has made the
economy of South Africa growth in high percentage.
In Tanzania tourists attractions
cover 44 percent of Tanzania, land area, all these are game reserves national
parks. Tanzania is also home to the famous Roof of Africa, Mount Kilimanjaro.
On 6 January 2012 the New York Times awarded Tanzania the 7th among
45 top destinations to visit this year 2012. Tourism industry currently supports
27,000 jobs and generates 25% of Tanzania’s foreign exchange. Tanzania expected
to receive one million tourists by the end of 2011 and generate about US $1.7 Billion
(About SH 2.7 trillion) in revenue these have resulted to the development of
tourism and Tanzania economy at large. However a substantial amount of country expenditure
should be spent on tourism to make it more contributing to the growth of
national economy.
The general objective of this study
is to assess the role of Tourist industry in improving livelihood of the poor
specifically, the study will focus on.
i. To find out the function of tourism
industry towards improving livelihood of the poor.
ii.To examine the relationship between
tourism industry and livelihood of people
iii
To examine the contribution of tourism
industry to nation income.
In
view to the stated objectives, the key research questions to be addressed are:
i.
How tourism industry help livelihood of
the poor?
ii. What are the relationship between
tourism industry and livelihood of the people?
iii
How much tourism industry contributes to
national income?
2.1 Country policy review
Tanzania
national tourism policy. A policy to promote the economy and livelihood of the
people, essentially poverty alleviation, through encouraging the development of
sustainable and quality tourism that is culturally and socially acceptable,
ecologically friendly, environmentally sustainable, and economically viable. It
is also sought to market Tanzania as a favored tourist destination for touring
and adventure (a wildlife safari) in a country renowned for its cultural
diversity and numerous beaches.
3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Design
Research
design is the plan showing the approach and strategy of investigation aimed at
obtaining valid and able data that achieves research objectives in this study,
a case of Moshi Municipal will be adopted. Thus, the main areas of concentration
will be top management and tourism industry department. This is simply because
the case and study will enable to study deeply few cases in the system. Data
from case studies are greatly comprehensive and reliable because of their
ability to explore instances in depth and enables the research to get the
information which is purposive and comprehensive. Also the researcher employing
case study design is enabling to examine small number of units that are
extracted from a large number of variables and conditions.
3.2 Description of the study area
The
study will be carried in Moshi region. The number of employees at Moshi
Municipal is about more than two hundred. This means that all workers from
different departments like tourism industry management, tourism staff, user of
departments and accounting department.
3.3 Data Collection
Data
is a source of information aimed at providing some facts (Kothari, 2004).Through
this, the researcher will obtain the specific information the study area for
the fulfillment of the research objective.
3.3.1 Types of data
The
study will apply both two types of data, that is primary data and secondary
data. The primary data will be collected through interviews, questionnaires and
observation. This include about the tourism industry activities carried out at
Moshi Municipal, the role of tourism in improving livelihood of the poor people
and the strategies used in improving tourism industry in Moshi Municipal. The
secondary data are these which have already
been collected by someone else and which passed through the statistical
process. This involves collection and analysis of published materials and
information from internal sources. This data will be obtained from the tourism
industry department both published and un published research on Tourism
Management.
3.3.2 Sources of data
Data
can be obtained from different sources both published and unpublished materials
and other internal sources such as books, journals, newspapers, articles and
other relevant sources provided by the tourism industry, tourist and accounting
department from Moshi Municipal that support the researcher to collect the
valuable information about the role of tourism industry in improving livelihood
of the poor.
3.3.3 Techniques of Data Collection
The
study will apply observation, interview, questionnaire and documentary review
in order together information which is fact and focusing on the study.
(i)
Interview
Both
structured and unstructured interview will be employed. The tool of data
collection will be questionnaire which will consist of list of pre-set
question. Both open ended and closed ended questionnaire will be applied especially
issues which are difficult to be understood from observation and questionnaire.
This will base on how to find out the function of tourism industry towards
improving livelihood of the poor, to examine the relationship between tourism
industry and livelihood of people in Moshi and to examine the contribution of
tourism to National income.
(ii) Questionnaire
Questionnaires
will be prepared and printed on a paper concerning the study area. These
questionnaire will be both opened ended and closed ended. They will be
distributed to the respondents who will answer the questions. The significant
behind this is to have more responses from the respondents whom it will be
impossible to be interviewed due to time constraints and data can be collected
from the large sample, confidentiality is upheld. These questionnaire are derived
from the research objectives like to find out the function of tourism towards
improving livelihood of the poor, to examine the relationship between tourism
industry and livelihood of people in Moshi and to examine the contribution of
tourism to National income. All these questions are posed to different
respondents from the following departments of tourism industry, accounting
departments and staffs.
(iii) Observation
This
tools provides information about the actual behaviours, (Kothari, 2004( Direct
observation allows the researcher to be put behavior in context and
understanding it better. Observation will be used together first hand
information or data from field. Observation will be useful techniques of data
collection from the activities performed by tourism industry departments. This
will be done through participating and observing the activities performed by
tourism industry unit.
(iv) Documentary review
These
include the relevant written documents both published and unpublished, prepared
by the tourism industry in Moshi Municipal in which researcher is expecting to
collect data. This includes journals, books, report and magazines. The
researcher will use this method so as to obtain secondary data necessary to
answer the research questions basing on to find out the function of tourism
industry towards improving livelihood of the poor, to examine the relationship
between tourism industry and livelihood of people in Moshi and to examine the contribution
of tourism industry to National income.
Table
1: Data Collection table Matrix
Research
objective
|
Research
questions
|
Types
of data to collected
|
Source
of data
|
Actor
or respondent
|
To
find out the function of tourism industry towards improving livelihood.
|
How
tourism industry help livelihood of the poor?
|
Both
qualitative and quantitative data are to be clearly interpreted.
|
The
data from various source sources the organization like National park.
|
Tourism
Management unit and uses of National park.
|
To
examine the relationship between tourism industry and livelihood of people.
|
What
are the relationship between tourism industry and livelihood of people
|
Mostly
qualitative data is relevant, insights verbal reports and verification of
quotations can be used.
|
Data
may be found from tourism departments and operation staffs which participate
in day to day activities.
|
To
management and employees can able to compare and interpret data given by the
two.
|
To
examine the contribution of tourism industry to the National income
|
How
much tourism industry contribute to National income
|
Qualitative
and quantitative data
|
Data
from journals, papers published and magazine on the relevant topic.
|
Public
tourism regulatory Authority.
|
3.4 Sampling
This
section will help the research to look on sample frame/population, sample size
and the sampling techniques.
3.4.1Sample frame/population
Sample
frame is the elementary units or group of such unity may be from the basis of
sampling process in which the case, they are called sample unit (Kothari, 2004).
The population study will involve surveying of organization, to identify sample
unit in Moshi Municipal. The population will be obtained from tourism industry
management (TIM (tourism staff, user department and accounting department.
3.4.2Sample size
The
study will take the sample size one hundred and fifty (150), people from four
departments include tourism industry management, tourism staff, user
departments and accounting department from Moshi Municipal. The researcher will
collect data 30 members from tourism industry management, 30 members of tourism
staff, 50 Members of user departments and 40 members from accounting
departments.
Table
number 2: Sample size
S/N
|
Name
of respondent
|
Total
number of respondent
|
Male
(M
|
Female
(F
|
Percentages
|
1.
|
Tourism
industry management
|
30
|
15
|
15
|
20%
|
2.
|
Tourism
staff
|
30
|
15
|
15
|
20%
|
3.
|
Users
departments
|
50
|
25
|
25
|
33.3%
|
4.
|
Accounting
department
|
40
|
20
|
20
|
26%
|
Total
|
150
|
75
|
75
|
100%
|
|
3.4.3 Sampling techniques
The
researcher will use purposive sampling as it is based on the promise that the
researcher judgment will enable him to systematically select these elements
from which he can get the best and most reliable responses. The researcher
sample with the purpose in the sample from the following departments, tourism
industry management, tourism staff, user departments and accounting department.
The
study will apply both qualitative and quantitative data analysis. Qualitative data
analysis is used to describe a type of information that can be counted and
expressed numerically. Quantitative
data can be represented visually in graphs, histograms, table and charts
statistical package for social science (SPSS) will be used to analyze quantitative
data obtained from the field. Qualitative data analysis is used to describe a
type of information inform of explanation, understanding or interpreting of the
people and situation that investigated. Qualitative data analysis is usually
based on an interpretation of the information.
For more information visit www.africanaturaltours.com
Comments
Post a Comment